Annerstedt van den Bosch and Depledge extend nature–health research beyond restoration toward a recursive public-health hypothesis: contact with favourable natural environments may not only improve wellbeing but may also support pro-environmental behaviour, generating reciprocal benefits for ecosystems and human health. The paper’s iconic proposition is a feedback loop rather than a one-directional exposure effect. Natural environments affect physiological and psychological states; those states may alter behaviour; behaviour in turn modifies environmental conditions. Its conceptual operation links neuropsychology, behavioural science, climate mitigation, ecosystem services and public health within one causal diagram. The work is deliberately propositional and acknowledges that further basic and applied research is required. Its bridge to urban and environmental policy is nevertheless powerful. Green infrastructure can be understood simultaneously as climatic, ecological, behavioural and health infrastructure. The city ceases to be merely the location where exposure occurs and becomes a system in which environmental form, behaviour and public health can reinforce or undermine one another.
